基本命令
查看帮助
使用 --help 参数可以查看命令的帮助信息。
conda --help
终端输出
usage: conda [-h] [-v] [--no-plugins] [-V] COMMAND ...
conda is a tool for managing and deploying applications, environments and packages.
options:
-h, --help Show this help message and exit.
-v, --verbose Can be used multiple times. Once for detailed output, twice for INFO logging, thrice for DEBUG
logging, four times for TRACE logging.
--no-plugins Disable all plugins that are not built into conda.
-V, --version Show the conda version number and exit.
commands:
The following built-in and plugins subcommands are available.
COMMAND
activate Activate a conda environment.
build Build conda packages from a conda recipe.
clean Remove unused packages and caches.
commands List all available conda subcommands (including those from plugins). Generally only used by
tab-completion.
compare Compare packages between conda environments.
config Modify configuration values in .condarc.
content-trust Signing and verification tools for Conda
convert Convert pure Python packages to other platforms (a.k.a., subdirs).
create Create a new conda environment from a list of specified packages.
deactivate Deactivate the current active conda environment.
debug Debug the build or test phases of conda recipes.
develop Install a Python package in 'development mode'. Similar to `pip install --editable`.
doctor Display a health report for your environment.
env Create and manage conda environments.
export Export a given environment
index Update package index metadata files.
info Display information about current conda install.
init Initialize conda for shell interaction.
inspect Tools for inspecting conda packages.
install Install a list of packages into a specified conda environment.
list List installed packages in a conda environment.
metapackage Specialty tool for generating conda metapackage.
notices Retrieve latest channel notifications.
pack See `conda pack --help`.
package Create low-level conda packages. (EXPERIMENTAL)
remove (uninstall) Remove a list of packages from a specified conda environment.
rename Rename an existing environment.
render Expand a conda recipe into a platform-specific recipe.
repo See `conda repo --help`.
repoquery Advanced search for repodata.
run Run an executable in a conda environment.
search Search for packages and display associated information using the MatchSpec format.
server See `conda server --help`.
skeleton Generate boilerplate conda recipes.
token See `conda token --help`.
tos A subcommand for viewing, accepting, rejecting, and otherwise interacting with a channel's
Terms of Service (ToS). This plugin periodically checks for updated Terms of Service for the
active/selected channels. Channels with a Terms of Service will need to be accepted or
rejected prior to use. Conda will only allow package installation from channels without a
Terms of Service or with an accepted Terms of Service. Attempting to use a channel with a
rejected Terms of Service will result in an error.
update (upgrade) Update conda packages to the latest compatible version.
查看信息
使用 info 命令可以查看当前 Conda 环境的信息。
conda info
终端输出
active environment : base
active env location : /home/milir/anaconda3
shell level : 1
user config file : /home/milir/.condarc
populated config files : /home/milir/anaconda3/.condarc
conda version : 25.5.1
conda-build version : 25.5.0
python version : 3.13.5.final.0
solver : libmamba (default)
virtual packages : __archspec=1=skylake
__conda=25.5.1=0
__cuda=12.6=0
__glibc=2.39=0
__linux=6.6.87.2=0
__unix=0=0
base environment : /home/milir/anaconda3 (writable)
conda av data dir : /home/milir/anaconda3/etc/conda
conda av metadata url : None
channel URLs : https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/linux-64
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/linux-64
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
package cache : /home/milir/anaconda3/pkgs
/home/milir/.conda/pkgs
envs directories : /home/milir/anaconda3/envs
/home/milir/.conda/envs
platform : linux-64
user-agent : conda/25.5.1 requests/2.32.3 CPython/3.13.5 Linux/6.6.87.2-microsoft-standard-WSL2 ubuntu/24.04.2 glibc/2.39 solver/libmamba conda-libmamba-solver/25.4.0 libmambapy/2.0.5 aau/0.7.1 c/. s/. e/.
UID:GID : 1000:1000
netrc file : None
offline mode : False
退出环境
使用 deactivate 命令可以退出当前的 conda 环境。
conda deactivate
退出环境成功后，终端用户名前的 (base) 会消失。
创建环境
使用 create 命令可以创建新的 conda 环境。
创建默认环境
使用 conda create 命令加上 --name 参数可以创建新的 conda 环境。
conda create --name <env_name>
# 创建 demo 环境
conda create --name demo
终端输出
Channels:
- defaults
Platform: linux-64
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /home/milir/anaconda3/envs/demo
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
Downloading and Extracting Packages:
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
# $ conda activate demo
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
# $ conda deactivate
创建指定环境
使用 conda create 命令创建指定 Python 版本的 conda 环境。
conda create --name <env_name> python=<version>
# 创建 demo_python38 环境
conda create --name demo_python38 python=3.8
终端输出
Channels:
- defaults
Platform: linux-64
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /home/milir/anaconda3/envs/demo_python38
added / updated specs:
- python=3.8
The following packages will be downloaded:
package | build
---------------------------|-----------------
pip-24.2 | py38h06a4308_0 2.2 MB
python-3.8.20 | he870216_0 23.8 MB
setuptools-75.1.0 | py38h06a4308_0 1.7 MB
wheel-0.44.0 | py38h06a4308_0 108 KB
------------------------------------------------------------
Total: 27.8 MB
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
_libgcc_mutex pkgs/main/linux-64::_libgcc_mutex-0.1-main
_openmp_mutex pkgs/main/linux-64::_openmp_mutex-5.1-1_gnu
ca-certificates pkgs/main/linux-64::ca-certificates-2025.2.25-h06a4308_0
ld_impl_linux-64 pkgs/main/linux-64::ld_impl_linux-64-2.40-h12ee557_0
libffi pkgs/main/linux-64::libffi-3.4.4-h6a678d5_1
libgcc-ng pkgs/main/linux-64::libgcc-ng-11.2.0-h1234567_1
libgomp pkgs/main/linux-64::libgomp-11.2.0-h1234567_1
libstdcxx-ng pkgs/main/linux-64::libstdcxx-ng-11.2.0-h1234567_1
libxcb pkgs/main/linux-64::libxcb-1.17.0-h9b100fa_0
ncurses pkgs/main/linux-64::ncurses-6.4-h6a678d5_0
openssl pkgs/main/linux-64::openssl-3.0.16-h5eee18b_0
pip pkgs/main/linux-64::pip-24.2-py38h06a4308_0
pthread-stubs pkgs/main/linux-64::pthread-stubs-0.3-h0ce48e5_1
python pkgs/main/linux-64::python-3.8.20-he870216_0
readline pkgs/main/linux-64::readline-8.2-h5eee18b_0
setuptools pkgs/main/linux-64::setuptools-75.1.0-py38h06a4308_0
sqlite pkgs/main/linux-64::sqlite-3.45.3-h5eee18b_0
tk pkgs/main/linux-64::tk-8.6.14-h993c535_1
wheel pkgs/main/linux-64::wheel-0.44.0-py38h06a4308_0
xorg-libx11 pkgs/main/linux-64::xorg-libx11-1.8.12-h9b100fa_1
xorg-libxau pkgs/main/linux-64::xorg-libxau-1.0.12-h9b100fa_0
xorg-libxdmcp pkgs/main/linux-64::xorg-libxdmcp-1.1.5-h9b100fa_0
xorg-xorgproto pkgs/main/linux-64::xorg-xorgproto-2024.1-h5eee18b_1
xz pkgs/main/linux-64::xz-5.6.4-h5eee18b_1
zlib pkgs/main/linux-64::zlib-1.2.13-h5eee18b_1
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
Downloading and Extracting Packages:
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
# $ conda activate demo_python38
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
# $ conda deactivate
激活环境
使用 activate 命令可以激活 conda 环境。
conda activate <env_name>
# 激活 demo 环境
conda activate demo
激活环境成功后，终端用户名前会出现 (demo) 信息。
查看环境
使用 env list 命令可以查看所有 conda 环境。
conda env list
终端输出
# conda environments:
#
base * /home/milir/anaconda3
demo /home/milir/anaconda3/envs/demo
编辑环境
安装 python 库
使用 conda install 命令可以在当前激活的 conda 环境安装 python 库。
conda install <package_name>
# 安装 jupyterlab
conda install jupyterlab
终端输出
Channels:
- defaults
Platform: linux-64
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /home/milir/anaconda3
added / updated specs:
- jupyterlab
The following packages will be downloaded:
package | build
---------------------------|-----------------
certifi-2025.6.15 | py313h06a4308_0 155 KB
------------------------------------------------------------
Total: 155 KB
The following packages will be UPDATED:
certifi 2025.4.26-py313h06a4308_0 --> 2025.6.15-py313h06a4308_0
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
Downloading and Extracting Packages:
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
删除环境
使用 env remove 命令可以删除 conda 环境。
conda env remove --name <env_name>
# 删除 demo_python38 环境
conda env remove --name demo_python38
终端输出
Remove all packages in environment /home/milir/anaconda3/envs/demo_python38:
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /home/milir/anaconda3/envs/demo_python38
The following packages will be REMOVED:
_libgcc_mutex-0.1-main
_openmp_mutex-5.1-1_gnu
ca-certificates-2025.2.25-h06a4308_0
ld_impl_linux-64-2.40-h12ee557_0
libffi-3.4.4-h6a678d5_1
libgcc-ng-11.2.0-h1234567_1
libgomp-11.2.0-h1234567_1
libstdcxx-ng-11.2.0-h1234567_1
libxcb-1.17.0-h9b100fa_0
ncurses-6.4-h6a678d5_0
openssl-3.0.16-h5eee18b_0
pip-24.2-py38h06a4308_0
pthread-stubs-0.3-h0ce48e5_1
python-3.8.20-he870216_0
readline-8.2-h5eee18b_0
setuptools-75.1.0-py38h06a4308_0
sqlite-3.45.3-h5eee18b_0
tk-8.6.14-h993c535_1
wheel-0.44.0-py38h06a4308_0
xorg-libx11-1.8.12-h9b100fa_1
xorg-libxau-1.0.12-h9b100fa_0
xorg-libxdmcp-1.1.5-h9b100fa_0
xorg-xorgproto-2024.1-h5eee18b_1
xz-5.6.4-h5eee18b_1
zlib-1.2.13-h5eee18b_1
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
Downloading and Extracting Packages:
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
Everything found within the environment (/home/milir/anaconda3/envs/demo_python38), including any conda environment configurations and any non-conda files, will be deleted. Do you wish to continue?
(y/[n])? y